The Eternal Universe
Jainism teaches that the universe is eternal and operates according to natural laws. Unlike many religious beliefs, Jain cosmology does not include a creator god. Instead, the universe is structured in a way that governs the cycle of birth, death, and liberation.
The Three Worlds in Jain Cosmology
Jain texts describe the universe as a vast, three-tiered structure:
Urdhva Loka (Heavenly Realms)
The abode of celestial beings and divine souls.
Madhya Loka (Middle World)
The realm of humans, animals, and plants.
Adho Loka (Infernal Realms)
Dark realms where souls experience suffering.
The Jain Time Cycle (Kalachakra)
Jainism describes time as infinite and cyclical, divided into two half-cycles:
- Utsarpini (Ascending Time Cycle): The universe progresses towards enlightenment and prosperity.
- Avasarpini (Descending Time Cycle): The universe declines, leading to suffering and moral decay.
Each cycle lasts for millions of years and continuously repeats.
Beyond the Universe: The Realm of Liberated Souls
Above the three realms exists Siddhashila, a pure, blissful zone where liberated souls (Siddhas) reside. These souls are free from karma, suffering, and rebirth.