Early Life & Royal Background
Mahavira, originally named Vardhamana, was born in 599 BCE in the kingdom of Kundagrama, near present-day Bihar, India. His parents, King Siddhartha and Queen Trishala, were followers of Jainism. According to legend, Queen Trishala had 14 prophetic dreams before his birth, signaling his future greatness.
Renunciation & Spiritual Journey
At the age of 30, Mahavira abandoned his royal life, wealth, and family to pursue enlightenment. He practiced extreme asceticism for 12 years, enduring harsh conditions, fasting, and deep meditation.
Enlightenment & Teachings
After 12 years of intense penance, Mahavira attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience) under a Sala tree at age 42. He then spread the core teachings of Jainism, emphasizing:
- Ahimsa (Non-Violence): Absolute non-harm towards all life forms.
- Satya (Truthfulness): Speaking only what is true and beneficial.
- Asteya (Non-Stealing): Never taking what is not freely given.
- Brahmacharya (Celibacy): Control over desires and attachments.
- Aparigraha (Non-Possessiveness): Detachment from material possessions.
Mahavira vs. Previous Tirthankaras
Rishabhanatha
The 1st Tirthankara, known for establishing Jain traditions.
Mahavira
Refined Jain teachings and led Jainism into its current form.
Mahavira's Legacy
Mahavira achieved moksha (liberation) at Pavapuri, Bihar, at the age of 72. His teachings were later compiled into the Agamas, the sacred texts of Jainism.